深黄被孢霉的脱饱和酶活性与花生四烯酸产量的关系

为了探讨深黄被孢霉的脱饱和酶活性与菌体油脂中花生四烯酸含量的关系,实验利用气相色谱仪测定5株深黄被孢霉在同一培养时间和高产菌株YZ-124在不同培养时期的花生四烯酸含量,同时测定其TTC-脱饱和酶活性。结果表明,深黄被孢霉的脱饱和酶活性随培养时间的增加而增加,不同花生四烯酸产量的脱饱和酶活性不同。脱饱和酶的活性与花生四烯酸的含量呈正相关。     

DDAC改性蒙脱土-木材复合材料的应力松弛

以二癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)为蒙脱土的改性剂及中间介质,通过真空浸注制备蒙脱土-木材复合材料(MWC),分析不同处理方式试材的增重率、应力松弛和X射线衍射(XRD)表征。结果表明:MWC的增重率基本随着处理液中蒙脱土质量分数的增加而增加,并在有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为7%时,达到最大值;MWC的应力松弛性质发生了明显的变化,其中OMMT的质量分数对MWC应力松弛有较大的影响,质量分数为3%的处理液所处理试件的应力松弛量最小;木材的含水率状态对MWC的应力松弛性能的影响很大,饱水状态与绝干、气干状态相比较,其应力松弛量最大,绝干状态的应力松弛变化曲线最缓慢;蒙脱土未能充分进入到木材内部,但是进入到木材表面空隙或极少量进入到木材内部空隙的蒙脱土对杉木的应力松弛性能产生很大的影响。     

氯化镉对玉米根尖细胞的致畸效应

以不同浓度的氯化镉为诱变剂,对玉米根尖细胞进行致畸试验,测定不同处理时间玉米根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率.结果表明:氯化镉能诱发较高频率的微核率;处理6、12、24 h时,氯化镉质量浓度为0～10.00 mg/L时微核率随氯化镉质量浓度增加而上升,氯化镉质量浓度大于10.00～40.00 mg/L时微核率随氯化镉质量浓度增加而下降;有丝分裂指数随氯化镉质量浓度上升而下降,随处理时间的延长而升高;氯化镉还能诱导玉米根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变.     

矮壮素对高羊茅生长效应的影响

采用不同浓度的矮壮素(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mg·g-1)对草坪草高羊茅(Festuca arundinace)进行叶面喷洒,通过测定高羊茅的株高、叶长、叶宽、根长、根分蘖数等指标,以研究矮壮素对高羊茅生长特性的影响.结果表明,矮壮素处理能显著降低高羊茅的株高和叶长,提高了根长、叶宽和根分蘖数.其中,0.4mg·g-1的矮壮素能有效矮化高羊茅,促进其分蘖,从而可减少修剪次数,降低草坪的管理成本.     

Neotyphodium endophytes trigger salt resistance in tall and meadow fescues

Infection with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes increases resistance to drought stress and soil mineral imbalances in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbysh.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. = Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.). We hypothesized that resistance of these grasses to salinity stress may also be attributed to endophyte infection. Two tall fescue genotypes, Fa75 and Fa83, and one meadow fescue genotype, Fp60, infected (E+) with their endophytic fungi, Neotyphodium coenophialum (Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin) and N. uncinatum (Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin), respectively, and their noninfected counterparts (E–) were cultured in nutrient solution at three salinity levels of 0, 85, and 170 mM NaCl. Except for genotype Fa75, E+ plants exhibited higher leaf survival rates than E– clones at a high salinity level (170 mM). Root dry matter was higher in E+ than in E– plants, but shoot dry matter was not affected by endophyte infection. This resulted in a lower shoot‐to‐root ratio in E+ plants (1.63) compared with E– plants (2.40). Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^–) concentrations were greater in roots of E– than in E+ clones. In shoots, Na⁺ and Cl^– concentrations were not affected by the endophyte. In contrast, E+ plants accumulated more potassium (K⁺), which resulted in a greater K⁺ : Na⁺ ratio in shoots of E+ than in those of E– plants. Our results show that endophyte infection reduced Na⁺ and Cl^– concentrations in tall fescue and meadow fescue roots but increased K⁺ concentrations in the shoots. Based on these results, we conclude that endophyte‐infected grasses may thrive better in salinity‐stress environments.     

Effect of wheat germ flour addition on wheat flour,dough and Chinese steamed bread properties

Wheat germ flour (WGF) has been developed as a functional food ingredient with high nutritional value. In this study, WGF was applied in steamed bread-making in order to improve the quality of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Partial substitution of wheat flour with WGF at levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (w/w) was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties of blends and their steaming performance. Falling number (FN) values of composite flours ranged from 199 to 223 s. Viscosity analysis results showed that wheat flour mixed with WGF had higher pasting temperature and lower viscosities. Dough rheological properties were also investigated using farinograph and extensograph. The addition of WGF diluted the gluten protein in dough and formed weak and inextensible dough, which can be studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. CSB made with WGF had significantly lower volume, specific volume and higher spread ratio. The sensory acceptability and physicochemical quality of CSB were improved with the application of a low level of WGF (3% and 6%). However, results showed that a high level of WGF over 9% is not recommended because of unsatisfactory taste. As a whole, addition of appropriate level of WGF in wheat flour could improve the quality of CSB.     

Superfine grinding improves functional properties and antioxidant capacities of bran dietary fibre from Qingke (hull-less barley) grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

The effect of particle size of hull-less barley (HLB) bran DF on antioxidant and physicochemical properties was investigated. HLB bran and extracted DF was ground by regular and superfine grinding, their particle sizes were determined using laser diffraction method. The results showed that superfine grinding could significantly pulverize DF particles to micro-scale; the particle size distribution was close to a Gaussian distribution. The soluble DF in HLB bran was increased effectively with superfine grinding. Insoluble DF with submicron scale showed increased total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). With particle size reduction, the water retention capacity (WRC), swelling capacity (SC), oil binding capacity (OBC), and nitrite ion absorption capacity (NIAC) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the water holding capacity (WHC) had no significant change. A kind of health beneficial DF with higher soluble DF content, WRC, SC, OBC, NIAC and antioxidant activity was obtained using superfine grinding.     

二甲四氯钠与草甘膦混用防除棉田节节草的效果

节节草是棉田入侵性难除杂草,一般除草剂难以防治,作者采用草甘膦与二甲四氯钠混合施用,其防治效果可达95％以上,药效期可保持在30天以上,比人工除草或草甘膦、二甲四氯钠盐的单一防除效果要好,且防效期更长。     

Sulfur metabolism in Allium cepa is hardly affected by chloride and sulfate salinity

Salinity as a major agricultural problem can affect crop growth and quality. Onion (Allium cepa L.) plant contains a wide variety of sulfur-containing compounds which may be involved in plant protection against salt stress. In the current study, a similar reduction in growth caused by chloride and sulfate salts was observed when onion was exposed to equimolar concentrations of Na⁺. Also, no difference was observed for shoot/root ratio and dry matter content of roots and shoots. Plants accumulated Na⁺ and the respective anions (chloride and sulfate) which in turn caused changes in the content of other nutrients. The content of potassium and calcium was decreased more than the other elements by both sodium salts. Sulfate salinity resulted in substantial increase in total sulfur and sulfate content but chloride salinity affected neither the total sulfur nor sulfate content of the roots and shoots, only in onion exposed to 200 mM chloride salt, those of roots and shoots were reduced. Furthermore, the water-soluble non-protein thiol content as well as the content of alliin remained rather unaffected. In conclusion, either salts affected the uptake and distribution of sulfate in onion, but had no or only a minor effect on the plant sulfur metabolism.     

银杏幼胚离体诱导培养技术研究

该试验以银杏幼胚作为外植体,以0.1％HgCl2 溶液作为消毒剂,设置消毒时间为 6min、8min、10min 三个配比,采用4 种不同配比的诱导培养基配方对银杏幼胚进行诱导培养研 究。通过比较不同消毒时间下银杏幼胚的成活率、萌发率、污染率,及不同诱导培养基上银杏幼 胚萌发成苗的生长状态,最后结果得出:幼胚使用0.1％HgCl2 消毒8min 最佳;MS＋1.0 mg· L-1 6-BA＋1.0mg·L-1 NAA 配方最有利于银杏幼胚诱导。